Ghana is a tropical country in Western Africa and the
capital is Accra. The official language is English although most Ghanaians
speak African languages. Education is
free and most adults are literate.
Black Africans constitute most of the population which also
includes people of Asian and European descent.
Ghana Christmas Festival
Ghana’s black
Africans belong to about 100 different ethnic groups. The Ashanti and the Fante, two closely
related ethnic groups make up much of the population. They belong to a larger
group of African peoples called the Akan.
Other important groups in Ghana include the Ewe, the Ga and
the Mashi (Mossi)-Dagomba.
Ghana Empire GAH nuti was an important black trading
state in West Africa from about A.D. 300’s to the mid – 1000’s. Arab camel
caravans brought salt and copper from mines in the Sahara and dried fruits from
North Africa to Ghana’s markets. There the products were traded for gold,
Ivory, and slaves from regions South of Ghana.
Ghanaian jewellery
and leather goods were sold and traded for textiles, clothing and fine tools
from Arabia and Europe.
Portuguese explorers landed in what is now Ghana in 1471.
They found so much gold there that they called it ‘the Gold Coast. Later
European merchants came to compete for profits in the gold and slave trades.
By 1642 the Dutch had seized all the Portuguese forts and
ended Portuguese control in the Gold Coast. A large slave trade developed in
the 1600’s and the Danes and English competed with the Dutch for profits. The slave trade ended in the 1860’s, and by 1872 the British
had gained control of the Dutch and Danish forts. In 1874 the United Kingdom
made the lands from the coast to the inland Ashanti Empire a British colony and
by 1901 had made the Ashanti lands a colony.
The Gold Coast gained its independence in 1957. It took the
name ‘Ghana’, the name of an ancient African kingdom.