Our African Connection

Ghana is a tropical country in Western Africa and the capital is Accra. The official language is English although most Ghanaians speak African languages.  Education is free and most adults are literate.

Black Africans constitute most of the population which also includes people of Asian and European descent.

                                                           Ghana Christmas Festival

Ghana’s black Africans belong to about 100 different ethnic groups.  The Ashanti and the Fante, two closely related ethnic groups make up much of the population. They belong to a larger group of African peoples called the Akan.

Other important groups in Ghana include the Ewe, the Ga and the Mashi (Mossi)-Dagomba.

 A majority of Ghana’s people are farmers in the rural areas. In the city many hold government jobs or operate small businesses. There are modern buildings as well as houses with mud or concrete walls and thatched or tin roofs, and open courtyards.

Ghana Empire   GAH nuti was an important black trading state in West Africa from about A.D. 300’s to the mid – 1000’s. Arab camel caravans brought salt and copper from mines in the Sahara and dried fruits from North Africa to Ghana’s markets. There the products were traded for gold, Ivory, and slaves from regions South of Ghana.

Ghanaian  jewellery and leather goods were sold and traded for textiles, clothing and fine tools from Arabia and Europe.

Portuguese explorers landed in what is now Ghana in 1471. They found so much gold there that they called it ‘the Gold Coast. Later European merchants came to compete for profits in the gold and slave trades.

By 1642 the Dutch had seized all the Portuguese forts and ended Portuguese control in the Gold Coast. A large slave trade developed in the 1600’s and the Danes and English competed with the Dutch for profits.The slave trade ended in the 1860’s, and by 1872 the British had gained control of the Dutch and Danish forts. In 1874 the United Kingdom made the lands from the coast to the inland Ashanti Empire a British colony and by 1901 had made the Ashanti lands a colony.

The Gold Coast gained its independence in 1957. It took the name ‘Ghana’, the name of an ancient African kingdom.

Sites Of Your World Today

Amazingly this is actually one tree ! A fig tree found in the centre of Cairns.

This is our breakfast coffee view - the sun shining and a breeze blowing but shortly to get hot, hot, hot !

What inspiration from this spectacular tree trunk - for my second children's book 'Spit is Poison' where the intrepid three children escape from an old TB hospital, formally Llanbedr Hall in Wales (where literally spit is poison as the notices scattered on the walls warn) to inadvertently finding themselves as stowaways on a convict ship to Australia!
This could be a perfect hiding place when they embark !

Fruits of the rainforest carved in wood by a craftsman from Babinda

             Plenty for our child characters to find in the forest to thrive on !

       Sugar Cane competition at Babinda Harvest Festival. This is the main crop of North Queensland.

Cairns after dark

Goodnight Little Angel !

Hello Little Australian

I have seen this face a million times - that same family face but each with its subtle variations. Children, grandchildren all of a same, but each including that vital other family's significance.

To hold you \Little Lady is  reliving my life, my children, but also embracing my present and your future.

Here is the country into which you have been born. Worlds away from your past and your heritage.
But offering such privilege and opportunity.

And even - barbecues !

 

                                                          Your first barbecue...........
I

                                                                Mmm....whatever !

Now what is much more interesting is your playground - your backyard, as such. Just the jolly old rainforest where the nomadic indigenous inhabitants lived and roamed thousands of years ago.

Stepping a few yards from your basement we take the path through the forest and come to your Daddy's construction technology, especially for Nana's somewhat delicate trekking abilities.

 This is it - hang on to the rails Nana !
 
 

                                  Made by hand from bamboo and twine - wonders never cease !

And here we have it Little Lady - your very own watering hole !

 

An ancient watering hole within the area of nomadic travel of a particular tribe thousands of years ago and thought to be a site for females as a birthing pool. The rock formation is from volcanic eruptions and the waterfall from the creek running through it.

Journey Begins

Sitting in the huge airport in Hong Kong contemplating the enormity of it all - to a modest person from a humble background - I still feel amazed at the reality of such an adventure at this time in my life !

                                      One of many vast walkways at Hong Kong Airport

Having just taken a thin tablet and made a few touches to a screen I was able to speak to my family in Australia. Of course this is nothing remarkable now but taken in the context of history, recent history, within my lifetime this would have been, indeed, was, the stuff of science fiction.

From a basic lifestyle; a home with only the necessities - warm and adequate, with a radio but television just a curiosity, a telephone way out of our reach, and still no bathroom, the milestones achieved are remarkable
.
From the industrial revolution and the dreadful conditions endured by the working class, to the atrocities of two world wars, within the last half century life has become unrecognisable with phenomenal developments in numerous areas.

Enough rumination!
 I left Wales Friday morning for Manchester, then on to London and boarded for Hong Kong. Very pleasant journey and the eleven hours passed more easily than the last time I did this. Perhaps I am becoming complacent - dictionary definition of complacent, 'smug and uncritically satisfied with oneself or one's achievements..'  Sounds about right !

Spent a few hours in Hong Kong then on to Cairns, north east Queensland. Most of the journey is over sea and it was very turbulent for roughly seven hours, which was quite unnerving - the thought of crashing down into the tempestuous, freezing water was positively scary, but in the end what will be will be !

Arrived in Cairns at 5-00am and met Alexander, we were both so hungry and eager to talk so we sat by the sea on the Esplanade until dawn and and an open cafe for breakfast.

Now for the absolute best part - off to meet Little Lady !

     

                                                                    Baby Ama-leigh

The South Yorkshire (England) Branch

Hinchliffe is a typical Yorkshire surname and great granddad Hubert was born into a coal mining background. He had an extremely stern, dogmatic father and then he himself displayed similar characteristics as an adult.

Hubert did not wish to work in the mines and at the time of his marriage to Eileen Hanson, in 1946, he was a rag sorter – sorting materials for re-cycling.  Eventually he developed his own business collecting and selling waste products and then he and his wife bought a milk delivery business.

Hubert and Eileen with their first child

Life was not easy and the family (children included) were required to work long hours to secure a reasonable living.

Alan was born in 1949 and when he was eleven years old he won a place at an esteemed grammar school.  Previously none of his relatives had had this opportunity and it was rare within his community. Wearing a grammar school uniform and travelling on two buses to the other side of town each day did single him out amongst his peers at home; also he was subjected to a majority of children from a middle class culture, at school - as well as having red hair! However he had strength of character! 

He was thriving at school learning subjects which otherwise would not have been within his experience – Latin, literature, higher maths etc., when his parents decided to emigrate to Australia as ‘ten pound Poms’ – the Australian government were encouraging families to migrate and settle there for the sum of 10 pounds! ‘Poms’ was, and still is, a nickname for the English.

                                                     Great Granddad Hubert and Granddad Alan

This was an exciting prospect for the family, however not for Alan who simply could not fit into or equate with the secondary education. He left school at the earliest opportunity and eventually joined the Australian Army.

                                                                          Soldier Alan 

Hubert developed type 1 diabetes and became unable to work, which was devastating to a man who never stopped being involved in one project or another; also the climate was becoming unbearable to him. The family returned to England whilst Alan was in the army and actually served in Vietnam.

                                                                          Alan 1970

Alan left the army and returned to Sydney doing menial work. He could not settle so returned to England where he found he was just as unsettled so he returned to Sydney and became a taxi driver.

The influence of his school never really left him so he came to the conclusion that he must continue what he left – education. He returned to England and decided to train as a teacher.

At college he met and went on to marry Pauline.

Their son Alexander, father to Ama-leigh, studied Biochemistry and then Ecology. He trained and practised jungle leadership and mountain leadership and after working in Borneo he finally settled with Charity in Australia. He is currently teaching indigenous children, from an outdoor perspective.

Great Grandparents

John Mullaney married Elizabeth Bourne when she was nineteen years old and he was twenty five. It was a very unlikely match, but Elizabeth was trapped into the care of her father and brother, and John recognised in her a stability and social standing lacking in his own family. He persistently pursued her and she succumbed, much to the disapproval of relatives on both sides.

                                                                      Elizabeth and John

However, father James and brother Martin came to live in the marital home and life continued much the same except Elizabeth had to endure a physical relationship she found abhorrent. Together John and Elizabeth had four children, although Elizabeth was not very maternal or suitable for domestic duties. She always insisted she should only have had one child – her ‘golden boy’ Terry.

Terry and Dad

Family members were aware of her cold and demanding behaviour towards her brother Martin and she finally manipulated a situation, when he was old enough, whereby he felt he had no choice but to move away.

All of the children went to grammar school but none were allowed, by their mother, to stay through the sixth form. They were all expected to work and relinquish their earnings to mother. Her daughter, in fact, was bought (a fine for wasting a grammar school place) out of school before final exams at 16 – the reasoning behind that decision by mother was because mother had not completed her education so neither should her daughter.

Terry was subjected to the ‘call up’ system – compulsory training in the armed forces at the age of eighteen, however within that training he was sent to Cambridge University to study Russian.

Terence Mullaney

The remaining children all eventually, independently, continued their education for professional careers.

Martin and Elizabeth were reunited in the 1980’s when Martin was dying of heart disease. He confessed that he had found his father’s family when he left Elizabeth’s home and he claimed the remainder of his father’s inheritance which had originally been refused by James. Martin subsequently left all his possessions and money to Elizabeth in recognition of her fulfilling her duty towards him.

The English Connection Continued

After two years Florrie gave birth to a boy, Martin, but sadly at the age of 41 she died.  Her son was three and her daughter Elizabeth was fourteen and attending a grammar school. Without her mother to encourage her Elizabeth (known as Betty) lost enthusiasm for school. Her sisters had long left the home, and her father allowed her to leave school and take the role of housekeeper and surrogate mother to the child Martin.

This was a dreadful waste of a young life; a teenage girl with such potential, grieving intensely, cut off from her peers to become a domestic servant to a father who had raised her to believe she was born to better things - to middle class aspirations, a life of opportunity and considerately more wealth than she had experienced. It was her birthright, he had insisted!

 

James Bourne had told his daughter Elizabeth many stories about his background and although he shunned family ties and traditions he made sure Elizabeth was aware of her inherited social status in life. He never took his wife and children to meet his relatives.

                                                                     Sister and niece

He was in his fifties when he met her mother and had spent most of his adult life wandering and working from place to place. He more or less turned his back on his family at an early age when he was attending a boarding school. Apparently he had made several attempts to ‘escape’ – not back to his home but to his travels and independence.

At some point when he was young he did marry a woman named Elizabeth, but she died. Daughter Elizabeth did not know this until very late in her life.

James became a skilled brickmaker and considered money was simply a means of living a modest life so when he was informed that he was the sole beneficiary of his family’s estate he refused it. Probably because it might have made demands on him.

                                                      James Bourne second from left

He continued to deny his wife even the basic financial means to provide for her family, except for Elizabeth, so Florrie had to persuade her daughter to cadge from her father so he might contribute as a husband.